What term relates to the structure of populations?

The term that relates to the structure of populations is demography. Demography is the statistical study of populations, including the structure, distribution, and trends in population size. It examines various factors that influence population dynamics, such as birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, and age distribution. This field provides insights into how populations change over time and can inform policies related to health care, urban planning, and social services.

In contrast, economics focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, while sociology examines social behavior and societal structures. Anthropology studies human cultures, societies, and their development, which may include aspects of population but does not focus specifically on population structure in the same way that demography does. Thus, demography stands out as the most applicable term related to the structure of populations.